See dub on Wiktionary
{
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-dub-mul-symbol-CGFrzN1J",
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"language code",
"language code"
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"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dubli."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Dubli terms"
}
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dubbable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "undub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dubber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dub out"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dubben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dubben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dubbian",
"t": "to knight by striking with a sword, dub"
},
"expansion": "Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "adober",
"t": "to equip with arms; adorn"
},
"expansion": "Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adouber"
},
"expansion": "French adouber",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dubbōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dub-",
"t": "to hit, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to hit, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dubba"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dubba",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dubben, from Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”) from Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”) (also 11th century, Modern French adouber), both from Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to hit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”).\nCognate with Icelandic dubba (in dubba til riddara). Compare also drub for an English reflex of the Germanic word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
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"past"
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{
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"tags": [
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}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:",
"text": "You promiſt Knighthood to our forward ſonne, / Vnſheath your ſword, and dub him preſently.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1885, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter II, in John Ormsby, transl., The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha […] In Four Vols, volume I, London: Smith, Elder & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 114:",
"text": "It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms against any knight; […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-LvmLqhh6",
"links": [
[
"knighthood",
"knighthood"
],
[
"accolade",
"accolade"
]
],
"qualifier": "now historical or ceremonial",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, now historical or ceremonial) To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "knight"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "posveštavam",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "посвещавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pasovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "tot ridder slaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "ridderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "lyödä ritariksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "adouber"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "zum Ritter schlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "slá til riddara"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "insignire"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "posvjaščátʹ v rýcari",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "посвяща́ть в ры́цари"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pasovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "dubba"
}
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from the later 16th c.",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 13 3 4 4 13 3 7 2 4 8 2 6 7 7 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"ref": "1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "They tripped along the murky aisles with the rest of the company, visiting the familiar wonders of the cave—wonders dubbed with rather over-descriptive names, such as “The Drawing-Room,” “The Cathedral,” Aladdin’s Palace,” and so on.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”",
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"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, archived from the original on 31 Oct 2020, page 70:",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
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"ref": "2023 December 27, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: the way to Weymouth”, in RAIL, number 999, page 52:",
"text": "Stephen reigned from 1135-1154, that nasty period of our history dubbed 'The Anarchy', when forces loyal to Stephen contested the throne with those of Henry I's daughter Matilda, who by rights should have been queen. Stephen, her cousin, plonked his own posterior on the throne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To name, to entitle, to call."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-McEzQEu0",
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"entitle",
"entitle"
],
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, now informal) To name, to entitle, to call."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "designate"
},
{
"word": "name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "bename"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "call"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "clepe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "denominate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "designate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "entitle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "nominate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "style"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "term"
}
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naričam",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "наричам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "betitelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "bestempelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nimittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "kutsua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "reconnaître (en tant que...)"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "bezeichnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "rufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nefna"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "intitolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nominare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "chiamare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "denominare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "chamar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "apelidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "datʹ prózvišče/klíčku",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "дать про́звище/кли́чку"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okrestítʹ",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окрести́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "narekátʹ",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нарека́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "apodar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "utnämna"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "bo",
"english": "ming 'dogs",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"translation": "ming 'dogs",
"word": "མིང་འདོགས"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 93 1 3 0 0 0 0 1",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "mtshan gsol",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "མཚན་གསོལ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1733–1737, Alexander Pope, [Imitations of Horace], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley [et al.]:",
"text": "A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deem."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-UDZFpikV",
"links": [
[
"deem",
"deem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deem."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "consider"
},
{
"word": "think of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "account"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "appraise"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "count"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "esteem"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "see"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "censure"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "consider"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "deem"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "hold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "find"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "interpret"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "judge"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "look upon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "regard as"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "respect"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "think of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "view as"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:",
"text": "His diadem was dropped down / Dubbed with stones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-3G-pwT3D",
"links": [
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
],
[
"invest",
"invest"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deck out"
},
{
"word": "embellish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "adore"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "adorn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "apparel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "array"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "detail"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "beautify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "bedeck"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "betrim"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "commend"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "decorate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "decore"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "deck"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "deck out"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "do up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "dress up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "embellish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "garnish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "grace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "mangonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "ornament"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "prettify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "pretty up"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"text": "to dub a stick of timber smooth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress with an adze."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-H-0voziX",
"links": [
[
"adze",
"adze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress with an adze."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1808, Annual Register:",
"text": "For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-bobylcW4",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"teasel",
"teasel"
],
[
"nap",
"nap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 13 3 5 4 10 4 7 3 4 11 3 6 5 6 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nWhen the skin is thoroughly cleansed, and while yet in its wet and distended state, the process of stuffing, or dubbing (probably a corruption of daubing), is performed. Both sides of the skin, but chiefly the flesh side, are smeared or daubed with a mixture of cod-oil and tallow"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-CmcA1HMA",
"links": [
[
"curry",
"curry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689, James Chetham, The Anglers Vade Mecum:",
"text": "if you can dub a Fly of the exact colour of the Natural Fly, Fish at that instant take, it's sufficient",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress a fishing fly."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-KI4aSFJo",
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress a fishing fly."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To prepare (a gamecock) for fighting, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-TbJKcr5Y",
"links": [
[
"gamecock",
"gamecock"
],
[
"hackle",
"hackle"
],
[
"comb",
"comb"
],
[
"wattle",
"wattle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "1505-1515",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"ref": "1616–1619 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Mad Lover”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene i:",
"text": "Now the drum dubb's.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a noise by brisk drumbeats."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-VE0DpuKs",
"links": [
[
"brisk",
"brisk"
],
[
"drumbeat",
"drumbeat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To do something badly."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-oy0tVnTj"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To execute a shot poorly."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-z5TUcLoc",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) To execute a shot poorly."
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "1505-1515",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub (plural dubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
34
]
],
"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:",
"text": "And kettle-drums, whose sullen dub\nSounds like the hooping of a tub",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blow, thrust, or poke."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun--UK5lsl3",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A blow, thrust, or poke."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A poorly executed shot."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-bp~A79b~",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) A poorly executed shot."
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "1885-90. Imitative; see also flub, flubdub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub (plural dubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from the later part of the 19th c",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
108
]
],
"ref": "1936, P. G. Wodehouse, There's Always Golf, London: The Strand Magazine:",
"text": "As I came over the hill, I saw Ernest Plinlimmon and his partner, in whom I recognized a prominent local dub, emerging from the rough on the right. Apparently, the latter had sliced from the tee, and Ernest had been helping him find his ball.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
176,
180
]
],
"ref": "1969, Robert L. Vann, The Competitor, volumes 2-3, page 135:",
"text": "The miser, a-seeking lost gelt, / The doughboy, awaiting the battle, / May possibly know how I felt / While the long years dragged by as the dealer / As slow as the slowest of dubs, / Stuck out the last helping of tickets / 'Till I lifted—the Bullet of Clubs!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unskillful, awkward person."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-h1N8UwNE",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, now historical) An unskillful, awkward person."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dubbable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "undub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "misdub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overdub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "predub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "redub"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From a shortening of the word double.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ADR"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "revoice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from the first half of the 20th c",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 5 3 3 7 1 1 3 1 0 2 2 4 4 8 1 3 2 5 1 3 6 1 5 3 0 4 7 7 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add sound to film or change audio on film."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-fgr7399Y",
"links": [
[
"audio",
"audio"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "dubli"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "jälkiäänittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "dubata"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dibév",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
],
"word": "דיבב"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "szinkronizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "hljóðsetja"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "doppiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ozvúčivatʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "озву́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ozvúčitʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "озву́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 8 1 4",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"note": "“to do a translation insertion”",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 5 3 3 7 1 1 3 1 0 2 2 4 4 8 1 3 2 5 1 3 6 1 5 3 0 4 7 7 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a copy from an original or master audio tape."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-3be~NhPZ",
"links": [
[
"copy",
"copy"
],
[
"original",
"original"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "intasaḵa",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "اِنْتَسَخَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nasaḵa",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "نَسَخَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fùzhì",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "複製 /复制"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "kopioida"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"alt": "うつす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "utsusu",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "写す"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kopī-suru",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "コピーする"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 84 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kopírovatʹ",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "копи́ровать"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation"
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-en:translate",
"links": [
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"soundtrack",
"soundtrack"
],
[
"synchronized",
"synchronized"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:translate"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dablaja",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "دَبْلَجَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dublíravacʹ",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дублі́раваць"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dublíram",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "дубли́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pèiyīn",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "配音"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dabovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadabovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "nasynchroniseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubben"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubli"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "jälkiäänittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubata"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doubler"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dobrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "synchronisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "metaglottízo",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "μεταγλωττίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dibév",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
],
"word": "דיבב"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "szinkronizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "hljóðsetja"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "döbba"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doppiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"alt": "ふきかえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "fukikaeru",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "吹き替える"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑñcoul-sɑmleeng",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "បញ្ចូលសំឡេង"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "deobinghada",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "더빙하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "phāk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "ພາກ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "menyuara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "mengalih suara"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dubbingować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdubbingować"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "dobrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "dublar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "sinkronizirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dabovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadabovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubba"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "pâak",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "พากย์"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
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"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
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"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"note": "“to do a translation insertion”",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation"
},
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"_dis1": "7 1 89 3",
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"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dubljuváty",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дублюва́ти"
},
{
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"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "lồng tiếng"
}
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"word": "sämplätä"
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"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix",
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"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix",
"word": "remixa"
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"ref": "2019 January 18, Jamie Dickson, “Khruangbin: “We’re not intending to create war with our music… It’s the absence of that aggression that a lot of rock bands have””, in Music Radar:",
"text": "But I think my bass playing is definitely dub-influenced.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
61
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],
"ref": "2020 July 20, Arun Chakal, “The Worked-Up Sound of Drum & Bass in Russia and Eastern Europe”, in Bandcamp Daily:",
"text": "Dyl’s polyrhythmic grooves on The Subsurface Project fuse dub techno and drum & bass, mixing modular sounds with hints of warm, jittery jungle.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
88
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],
"ref": "2020 August 3, Kane, “The Extended Cut: Zero T - Former Self EP [The North Quarter]”, in Magnetic Magazine:",
"text": "It reminded me of that classic Full Cycle vibe of jazzy soulful sounds blending with dub bass and fx.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A trend in music starting in 2009, in which bass distortion is synced off timing to electronic dance music."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-PWH3bmmK",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"distortion",
"distortion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, uncountable) A trend in music starting in 2009, in which bass distortion is synced off timing to electronic dance music."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dāb",
"sense": "music genre",
"word": "داب"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dub"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dub"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dub"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "music genre",
"word": "דָּאַב"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"lang_code": "jam",
"sense": "music genre",
"word": "dob"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "dabu",
"sense": "music genre",
"word": "ダブ"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "deop",
"sense": "music genre",
"word": "덥"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dub"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 25 37 6 13",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "music genre",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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60,
64
]
],
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"text": "[…] we climbed up the scaffolding and did these gold little dubs and you couldn't see them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "2011, Justin Rollins, The Lost Boyz: A Dark Side of Graffiti, page 34:",
"text": "The year 1998 was alive with graffiti and trains pulling up with dubs on their sides.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece of graffiti in metallic colour with a thick black outline."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-hH7LQ2~g",
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti"
],
[
"metallic",
"metallic"
],
[
"outline",
"outline"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, countable) A piece of graffiti in metallic colour with a thick black outline."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The replacement of a voice part in a movie or cartoon, particularly with a translation; an instance of dubbing."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-Gtdm~WY8",
"links": [
[
"replacement",
"replacement"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"movie",
"movie"
],
[
"cartoon",
"cartoon"
],
[
"dubbing",
"dubbing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The replacement of a voice part in a movie or cartoon, particularly with a translation; an instance of dubbing."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
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}
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{
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},
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}
],
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{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
"ref": "1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Has he nae friends?” said she, in a tearful voice.\n“That has he so!” cried Alan, “if we could but win to them!—friends and rich friends, beds to lie in, food to eat, doctors to see to him—and here he must tramp in the dubs and sleep in the heather like a beggarman.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A pool or puddle."
],
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],
[
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],
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"dialectal"
]
}
],
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dub sack"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_text": "From shortening of double dime (“twenty”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A twenty-dollar sack of marijuana."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-ORBMxLd5",
"links": [
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
]
],
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"(slang) A twenty-dollar sack of marijuana."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
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{
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46,
50
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],
"ref": "2003 January 7, “In da Club” (track 5), in Get Rich or Die Tryin', performed by 50 Cent:",
"text": "When I pull up out front, you see the Benz on dubs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wheel rim measuring 20 inches or more."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-8XuOrJxU",
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"rim",
"rim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A wheel rim measuring 20 inches or more."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
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{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
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"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "don up",
"5": "to open"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
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},
{
"form": "dubbed",
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"past"
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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],
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],
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"text": "\"Crash the cull—down with him—down with him before he dubs the jigger. Tip him the degan, Fib, fake him through and through; if he pikes we shall all be scragged.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To open or close."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-verb-KPDOLh9f",
"links": [
[
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[
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"close"
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],
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"(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) To open or close."
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
]
}
],
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dubber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dub-cove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dub-lay"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dubsman"
}
],
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "don up",
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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],
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
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"A lock."
],
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"links": [
[
"lock",
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]
],
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"(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) A lock."
],
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"UK",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
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{
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"text": "[…]going upon the dobbin, is a woman dressed like a servant maid, no hat nor cloak on, a bunch of young dubs by her side, which are a bunch of small keys[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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[
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"key"
],
[
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"master key"
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[
"lock pick",
"lock pick"
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],
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"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) A key, especially a master key; a lock pick."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
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"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
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"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Vee Dub"
}
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "double-u"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Nelson Howell, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Microsoft Visual InterDev, Que Pub, →ISBN:",
"text": "World Wide Web or WWW\nPronouncing this \"dub dub dub\" (with no rub-a) will definitely establish you as an insider.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Corey Pein, Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley, Metropolitan Books, →ISBN, page 119:",
"text": "I once met a gaggle of Aussies who'd paid thousands of dollars out of their own pockets for airfare and registration to attend an annual Apple convention called the Worldwide Developers Conference, or WWDC—or, in this crowd, “Dub Dub.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of double-u."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-en:w",
"links": [
[
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]
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
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}
],
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16,
19
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],
"text": "I haven't had a dub in a few games.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of double-u.",
"A win."
],
"id": "en-dub-en-noun-en:w1",
"links": [
[
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"double-u#English"
],
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"win",
"win"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Clipping of double-u.",
"(video games, Internet slang) A win."
],
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],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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]
}
],
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
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}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 5 5 3 3 7 1 1 3 1 0 2 2 4 4 8 1 3 2 5 1 3 6 1 5 3 0 4 7 7 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 4 5 3 3 8 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 4 10 1 2 1 4 1 3 6 1 5 4 1 3 7 7 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Recreational drugs",
"orig": "en:Recreational drugs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small copper coin once used in India."
],
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"links": [
[
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"copper"
],
[
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"coin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(India, historical) A small copper coin once used in India."
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "terms which are probably etymologically unrelated",
"word": "lub-dub"
},
{
"sense": "terms which are probably etymologically unrelated",
"word": "rubby-dub"
}
],
"tags": [
"India",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "dub",
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech dub",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-ocs",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
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"t": "oak tree, oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
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{
"form": "dubový",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"adj": "dubový"
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"expansion": "dub m inan (relational adjective dubový)",
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}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m.locě:u"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
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"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
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"langcode": "cs",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "cs:Oaks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "až opadá listí z dubu"
},
{
"word": "doubek"
},
{
"word": "doubí"
},
{
"word": "doubrava"
},
{
"word": "dub bahenní"
},
{
"word": "dub balkánský"
},
{
"word": "dub cer"
},
{
"word": "dub cesmínovitý"
},
{
"word": "dub červený"
},
{
"word": "dub letní"
},
{
"word": "dub pýřitý"
},
{
"word": "dub slovenský"
},
{
"word": "dub zimní"
},
{
"word": "dubový"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak, oak tree"
],
"id": "en-dub-cs-noun-0KuyNv-Q",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdup]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "dup"
},
{
"homophone": "Dub"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "duben"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of duben",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of duben.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "dub m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "April",
"word": "duben or dubna"
}
],
"categories": [],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "led"
},
{
"word": "úno"
},
{
"word": "bře"
},
{
"word": "kvě"
},
{
"word": "čvn"
},
{
"word": "čvc"
},
{
"word": "srp"
},
{
"word": "zář"
},
{
"word": "říj"
},
{
"word": "lis"
},
{
"word": "pro"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abbreviation of duben or dubna (“April”)"
],
"id": "en-dub-cs-noun-R05k4jiy",
"links": [
[
"duben",
"duben#Czech"
],
[
"dubna",
"dubna#Czech"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdup]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "dup"
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{
"homophone": "Dub"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "",
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"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
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{
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"lit": "",
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},
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{
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"3": "*dǫbъ"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ.",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duboju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dubami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
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"expansion": "dub m inan",
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],
"hyphenation": [
"dub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "dub"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
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],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "dsb:Oaks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak"
],
"id": "en-dub-dsb-noun-34d2RUBH",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "dub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "oak tree, oak",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”)",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubiech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
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"expansion": "dub m inan",
"name": "zlw-ocs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-ndecl"
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],
"lang": "Old Czech",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak, oak tree"
],
"id": "en-dub-zlw-ocs-noun-0KuyNv-Q",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdub/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "dubh"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "doo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "dubh"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duib",
"2": "duba"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "duib",
"acc_m_pl": "dubai",
"acc_m_sg": "dub",
"dat_f_sg": "duib",
"dat_m_sg": "dub",
"dat_n_sg": "dub",
"dat_pl": "dubaib",
"gen_f_sg": "dubae",
"gen_m_sg": "duib",
"gen_n_sg": "duib",
"gen_pl": "*",
"info": "u-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "dub",
"nom_fn_pl": "dubai",
"nom_m_pl": "dubai",
"nom_m_sg": "dub",
"nom_n_sg": "dub",
"notes": "*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish",
"voc_m_pl": "dubai",
"voc_m_sg": "dub"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 12 43 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "sga:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"id": "en-dub-sga-adj-wAbH46sU",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 12 43 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "sga:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"morally dark, dire, gloomy, melancholy"
],
"id": "en-dub-sga-adj-DpWBcW0K",
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"dire",
"dire"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd̪uβ/"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubo",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndub",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "dubo",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dub n (genitive dubo)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "dubo"
},
"expansion": "dub n (genitive dubo)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dub+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dub",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dub+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-n",
"dat_du": "dubaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dubaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dub+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dubo+N",
"gen_du2": "duba+N",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "dub+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dubo+H",
"gen_sg2": "duba+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "dub+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dub+L",
"nom_pl2": "duba",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "dub+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dub+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dub",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dub+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 21 51 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 12 43 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "sga:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ó dub glosses atramento"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"english": "is this ink good thus?",
"text": "in maith a n-dubso amne",
"translation": "is this ink good thus?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"english": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"text": "Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.",
"translation": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black pigment, ink"
],
"id": "en-dub-sga-noun-3dYtMEPR",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
],
[
"ink",
"ink"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gall"
],
"id": "en-dub-sga-noun-L7JhDrrK",
"links": [
[
"gall",
"gall"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd̪uβ/"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*tubah",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*tubah"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*tubah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *tubah",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palauan",
"lang_code": "pau",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dynamite, bomb"
],
"id": "en-dub-pau-noun-fq1ncmQg",
"links": [
[
"dynamite",
"dynamite"
],
[
"bomb",
"bomb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Palauan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"derris (vine in Legume family whose roots are used as poison to catch fish)"
],
"id": "en-dub-pau-noun-Fw75-mZQ",
"links": [
[
"derris",
"derris"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dub/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ðup]"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zab",
"2": "omq-zpc-pro",
"3": "*tokwaʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zapotec *tokwaʔ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Zapotec *tokwaʔ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zab",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec",
"lang_code": "zab",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zab",
"name": "Agavoideae subfamily plants",
"orig": "zab:Agavoideae subfamily plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agave"
],
"id": "en-dub-zab-noun-lfsfqaiL",
"links": [
[
"agave",
"agave"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Dubrovnik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰanw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰanw-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰanw-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dȗb",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ду̑б",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dȕbovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubóvā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗbu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubòvima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dȕbove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dȕbovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúbu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubòvima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dȗbom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubòvima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dȗb",
"2": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "dȗb m inan (Cyrillic spelling ду̑б)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oak (wood)"
],
"id": "en-dub-sh-noun-7FSP33lM",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "sh:Oaks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "sh:Trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The rock cracks, the oak breaks, let the earth quake!",
"roman": "Stijena puca, dub se lama, zemlja nek’ se trese!",
"text": "c. 1840, Dragutin Rakovac (translating Samuel Tomášik), Hej, Slaveni",
"translation": "The rock cracks, the oak breaks, let the earth quake!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak tree"
],
"id": "en-dub-sh-noun-WNvKP2AZ",
"links": [
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hrast"
}
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubový",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "dubček",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúbok",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "singular",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "plural",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dubov",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dubom",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dube",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "duboch",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dubmi",
"source": "declension"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "dubový",
"dim": "dubček,dúbok"
},
"expansion": "dub m inan (relational adjective dubový, diminutive dubček or dúbok)",
"name": "sk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"name": "sk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak terms with declension dub",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sk",
"name": "Fagales order plants",
"orig": "sk:Fagales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak, oak tree"
],
"id": "en-dub-sk-noun-0KuyNv-Q",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dup/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdup]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9058 (slk)-TomášPolonec-dub.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q9058_%28slk%29-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1Polonec-dub.wav/LL-Q9058_%28slk%29-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1Polonec-dub.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q9058_%28slk%29-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1Polonec-dub.wav/LL-Q9058_%28slk%29-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1Polonec-dub.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "dub m (plural dubs)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "es:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dub"
],
"id": "en-dub-es-noun-XaajWZbQ",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"dub",
"dub#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) dub"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dub",
"word": "𒁾"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𒁾 (dub)"
],
"id": "en-dub-sux-romanization-RrQdkNFc",
"links": [
[
"𒁾",
"𒁾#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫ̑bъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫ̑bъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫ̑bъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫ̑bъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian dub",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫ̑bъ. Cognate with Lower Sorbian dub.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubičk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hsb-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dubami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubomaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"aug": "dubisko",
"dim": "dubičk,dubik"
},
"expansion": "dub m inan (diminutive dubičk or dubik, augmentative dubisko)",
"name": "hsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.locje"
},
"name": "hsb-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "hsb",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "hsb:Oaks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oak"
],
"id": "en-dub-hsb-noun-34d2RUBH",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dubić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second/third-person singular personal of dubić"
],
"id": "en-dub-hsb-verb-mvGMZA5q",
"links": [
[
"dubić",
"dubić#Upper_Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"personal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 16 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubä"
}
],
"glosses": [
"due to, because of"
],
"id": "en-dub-vo-prep-lq-kAqer",
"links": [
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "hmn-pro",
"3": "*qrɛŋᴬ",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmongic *qrɛŋᴬ (“black”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-mie-pro",
"2": "*qri̯ɛkᴰ",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mienic *qri̯ɛkᴰ (“black”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *qrɛŋᴬ (“black”), related to Proto-Mienic *qri̯ɛkᴰ (“black”), though the details are unclear due to irregular rime and tone correspondences.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"id": "en-dub-mww-adj-wAbH46sU",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"id": "en-dub-mww-adj-5rtWib7s",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/du˥/"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*dupᴬ",
"4": "",
"5": "to pound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *dupᴬ (“to pound”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ทุบ"
},
"expansion": "Thai ทุบ (túp)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ທຸບ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ທຸບ (thup)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ထုပ်ႉ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ထုပ်ႉ (thṵ̂p)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𢱕",
"2": "to pound; to strike",
"tr": "dap6"
},
"expansion": "𢱕 (dap6, “to pound; to strike”)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *dupᴬ (“to pound”); cognate with Thai ทุบ (túp), Lao ທຸບ (thup), Shan ထုပ်ႉ (thṵ̂p). Also compare Cantonese 𢱕 (dap6, “to pound; to strike”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𭡡",
"tags": [
"Sawndip"
]
},
{
"form": "𰔥",
"tags": [
"Sawndip"
]
},
{
"form": "𭡫",
"tags": [
"Sawndip"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"10": "𰔥",
"11": "or",
"12": "𭡫",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "or",
"16": "",
"17": "or",
"18": "",
"19": "or",
"2": "verb",
"20": "",
"21": "or",
"22": "",
"23": "or",
"24": "",
"25": "or",
"26": "",
"27": "or",
"28": "",
"29": "or",
"3": "",
"30": "",
"31": "or",
"32": "",
"33": "or",
"34": "",
"35": "or",
"36": "",
"37": "or",
"38": "",
"39": "or",
"4": "",
"40": "",
"41": "or",
"42": "",
"43": "or",
"44": "",
"45": "or",
"46": "",
"47": "or",
"48": "",
"49": "or",
"5": "or",
"50": "",
"51": "or",
"52": "",
"53": "or",
"54": "",
"55": "or",
"56": "",
"57": "or",
"58": "",
"59": "or",
"6": "",
"60": "",
"61": "or",
"62": "",
"63": "or",
"64": "",
"65": "1957–1982 spelling",
"66": "dub",
"7": "Sawndip forms",
"8": "𭡡",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"f32accel-form": "1957 spelling",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dub (Sawndip forms 𭡡 or 𰔥 or 𭡫, 1957–1982 spelling dub)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb",
"2": "𭡡",
"3": "𰔥",
"4": "𭡫"
},
"expansion": "dub (Sawndip forms 𭡡 or 𰔥 or 𭡫, 1957–1982 spelling dub)",
"name": "za-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 30 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zhuang entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 32 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zhuang terms without Sawndip form",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hit; to strike"
],
"id": "en-dub-za-verb-cLD206tT",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moeb"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 30 29",
"kind": "other",
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"castrate",
"castrate"
],
[
"male",
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[
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"water buffalo"
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{
"word": "doubek"
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"word": "doubí"
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{
"word": "doubrava"
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{
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{
"word": "dub balkánský"
},
{
"word": "dub cer"
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{
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{
"word": "dub červený"
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{
"word": "dub letní"
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{
"word": "dub pýřitý"
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{
"word": "dub slovenský"
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],
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"form": "dubový",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
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}
],
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{
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},
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{
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{
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{
"word": "lis"
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{
"word": "pro"
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],
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"duben#Czech"
],
[
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"dubna#Czech"
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],
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"alt-of",
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"masculine"
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
"homophone": "Dub"
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],
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"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
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"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"en:Musical genres",
"en:Recreational drugs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubbable"
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{
"word": "dubber"
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{
"word": "dub out"
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{
"word": "undub"
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{
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"name": "inh"
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dubba"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dubba",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dubben, from Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”) from Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”) (also 11th century, Modern French adouber), both from Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to hit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”).\nCognate with Icelandic dubba (in dubba til riddara). Compare also drub for an English reflex of the Germanic word.",
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{
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"singular",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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}
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"English transitive verbs"
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"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:",
"text": "You promiſt Knighthood to our forward ſonne, / Vnſheath your ſword, and dub him preſently.",
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"ref": "1885, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter II, in John Ormsby, transl., The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha […] In Four Vols, volume I, London: Smith, Elder & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 114:",
"text": "It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms against any knight; […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."
],
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[
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[
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],
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{
"word": "knight"
}
],
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{
"date": "from the later 16th c.",
"references": []
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"ref": "1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "They tripped along the murky aisles with the rest of the company, visiting the familiar wonders of the cave—wonders dubbed with rather over-descriptive names, such as “The Drawing-Room,” “The Cathedral,” Aladdin’s Palace,” and so on.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”",
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"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, archived from the original on 31 Oct 2020, page 70:",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "2023 December 27, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: the way to Weymouth”, in RAIL, number 999, page 52:",
"text": "Stephen reigned from 1135-1154, that nasty period of our history dubbed 'The Anarchy', when forces loyal to Stephen contested the throne with those of Henry I's daughter Matilda, who by rights should have been queen. Stephen, her cousin, plonked his own posterior on the throne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To name, to entitle, to call."
],
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[
"name",
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[
"entitle",
"entitle"
],
[
"call",
"call"
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"(transitive, now informal) To name, to entitle, to call."
],
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{
"word": "designate"
},
{
"word": "name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "bename"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "call"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"tags": [
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"dialectal"
],
"word": "clepe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "denominate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "designate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "entitle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "nominate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "style"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:denominate",
"word": "term"
}
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1733–1737, Alexander Pope, [Imitations of Horace], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley [et al.]:",
"text": "A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deem."
],
"links": [
[
"deem",
"deem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deem."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "consider"
},
{
"word": "think of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "account"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "appraise"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "count"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "esteem"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "see"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "censure"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "consider"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "deem"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "hold"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "find"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "interpret"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "judge"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "look upon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "regard as"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "respect"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "think of"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:deem",
"word": "view as"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
36
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"ref": "1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:",
"text": "His diadem was dropped down / Dubbed with stones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn."
],
"links": [
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
],
[
"invest",
"invest"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deck out"
},
{
"word": "embellish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "adore"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "adorn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "apparel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "array"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "detail"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "beautify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "bedeck"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "betrim"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "commend"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "decorate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "decore"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "deck"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "deck out"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "do up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "dress up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "dub"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "embellish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "garnish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "grace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "mangonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "ornament"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "prettify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:decorate",
"word": "pretty up"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
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"text": "to dub a stick of timber smooth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress with an adze."
],
"links": [
[
"adze",
"adze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress with an adze."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
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"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1808, Annual Register:",
"text": "For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"teasel",
"teasel"
],
[
"nap",
"nap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nWhen the skin is thoroughly cleansed, and while yet in its wet and distended state, the process of stuffing, or dubbing (probably a corruption of daubing), is performed. Both sides of the skin, but chiefly the flesh side, are smeared or daubed with a mixture of cod-oil and tallow"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."
],
"links": [
[
"curry",
"curry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689, James Chetham, The Anglers Vade Mecum:",
"text": "if you can dub a Fly of the exact colour of the Natural Fly, Fish at that instant take, it's sufficient",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress a fishing fly."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.",
"To dress a fishing fly."
],
"topics": [
"heading"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To prepare (a gamecock) for fighting, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles."
],
"links": [
[
"gamecock",
"gamecock"
],
[
"hackle",
"hackle"
],
[
"comb",
"comb"
],
[
"wattle",
"wattle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
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{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "posveštavam",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "посвещавам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pasovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "tot ridder slaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "ridderen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "lyödä ritariksi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "adouber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "zum Ritter schlagen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "slá til riddara"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "insignire"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "posvjaščátʹ v rýcari",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "посвяща́ть в ры́цари"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pasovať"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to confer knighthood",
"word": "dubba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naričam",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "наричам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "betitelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "bestempelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nimittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "kutsua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "reconnaître (en tant que...)"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nennen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "bezeichnen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "rufen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nefna"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "intitolare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "nominare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "chiamare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "denominare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "chamar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "apelidar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "datʹ prózvišče/klíčku",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "дать про́звище/кли́чку"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "okrestítʹ",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "окрести́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "narekátʹ",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нарека́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "apodar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"word": "utnämna"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "ming 'dogs",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"translation": "ming 'dogs",
"word": "མིང་འདོགས"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "mtshan gsol",
"sense": "to name, to entitle, to call",
"tags": [
"honorific"
],
"word": "མཚན་གསོལ"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"en:Musical genres",
"en:Recreational drugs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "1505-1515",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"pos": "verb",
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],
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"ref": "1616–1619 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Mad Lover”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene i:",
"text": "Now the drum dubb's.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a noise by brisk drumbeats."
],
"links": [
[
"brisk",
"brisk"
],
[
"drumbeat",
"drumbeat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To do something badly."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Golf"
],
"glosses": [
"To execute a shot poorly."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) To execute a shot poorly."
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
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"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
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},
{
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{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
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"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
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"etymology_text": "1505-1515",
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}
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"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:",
"text": "And kettle-drums, whose sullen dub\nSounds like the hooping of a tub",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blow, thrust, or poke."
],
"links": [
[
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"blow"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A blow, thrust, or poke."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Golf"
],
"glosses": [
"A poorly executed shot."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) A poorly executed shot."
],
"topics": [
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"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/dʌb/",
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"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
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},
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]
},
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],
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],
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"etymology_text": "1885-90. Imitative; see also flub, flubdub.",
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"tags": [
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]
}
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{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from the later part of the 19th c",
"references": []
}
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"ref": "1936, P. G. Wodehouse, There's Always Golf, London: The Strand Magazine:",
"text": "As I came over the hill, I saw Ernest Plinlimmon and his partner, in whom I recognized a prominent local dub, emerging from the rough on the right. Apparently, the latter had sliced from the tee, and Ernest had been helping him find his ball.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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],
"ref": "1969, Robert L. Vann, The Competitor, volumes 2-3, page 135:",
"text": "The miser, a-seeking lost gelt, / The doughboy, awaiting the battle, / May possibly know how I felt / While the long years dragged by as the dealer / As slow as the slowest of dubs, / Stuck out the last helping of tickets / 'Till I lifted—the Bullet of Clubs!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unskillful, awkward person."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, now historical) An unskillful, awkward person."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
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"General-American",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
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]
},
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"ipa": "/dʊb/",
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]
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{
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],
"word": "dub"
}
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"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Musical genres",
"en:Recreational drugs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubbable"
},
{
"word": "misdub"
},
{
"word": "overdub"
},
{
"word": "predub"
},
{
"word": "redub"
},
{
"word": "undub"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From a shortening of the word double.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ADR"
},
{
"word": "revoice"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from the first half of the 20th c",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add sound to film or change audio on film."
],
"links": [
[
"audio",
"audio"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make a copy from an original or master audio tape."
],
"links": [
[
"copy",
"copy"
],
[
"original",
"original"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation"
],
"links": [
[
"replace",
"replace"
],
[
"soundtrack",
"soundtrack"
],
[
"synchronized",
"synchronized"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:translate"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix."
],
"links": [
[
"mix",
"mix"
],
[
"remix",
"remix"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌb/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/dɐb/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/dʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "dubli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "jälkiäänittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "dubata"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dibév",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
],
"word": "דיבב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "szinkronizál"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "hljóðsetja"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "doppiare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ozvúčivatʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "озву́чивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ozvúčitʹ",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "озву́чить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film",
"word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"note": "“to do a translation insertion”",
"sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "intasaḵa",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "اِنْتَسَخَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nasaḵa",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "نَسَخَ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fùzhì",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "複製 /复制"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "kopioida"
},
{
"alt": "うつす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "utsusu",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "写す"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kopī-suru",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"word": "コピーする"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kopírovatʹ",
"sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "копи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "dablaja",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "دَبْلَجَ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dublíravacʹ",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дублі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dublíram",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "дубли́рам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pèiyīn",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "配音"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dabovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadabovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "nasynchroniseren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubben"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "jälkiäänittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doubler"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dobrar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "synchronisieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "metaglottízo",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "μεταγλωττίζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "dibév",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
],
"word": "דיבב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "szinkronizál"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "hljóðsetja"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "döbba"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doppiare"
},
{
"alt": "ふきかえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "fukikaeru",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "吹き替える"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑñcoul-sɑmleeng",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "បញ្ចូលសំឡេង"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "deobinghada",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "더빙하다"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "phāk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "ພາກ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "menyuara"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "mengalih suara"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dubbingować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdubbingować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "dobrar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "dublar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dublírovatʹ",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дубли́ровать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "sinkronizirati"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dabovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadabovať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "doblar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "dubba"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "pâak",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "พากย์"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"note": "“to do a translation insertion”",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dubljuváty",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дублюва́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation",
"word": "lồng tiếng"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix",
"word": "sämplätä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix",
"word": "miscelare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix",
"word": "remixa"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Musical genres",
"en:Recreational drugs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubbese"
},
{
"word": "dubby"
},
{
"word": "dubdown"
},
{
"word": "dublike"
},
{
"word": "dubplate"
},
{
"word": "dub poetry"
},
{
"word": "dub ska"
},
{
"word": "dubstep"
},
{
"word": "dubtitle"
},
{
"word": "dubtronica"
},
{
"word": "dubwise"
},
{
"word": "fandub"
},
{
"word": "lip dub"
},
{
"word": "overdub"
},
{
"word": "predub"
},
{
"word": "redub"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From a shortening of the word double.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "dub (countable and uncountable, plural dubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"A mostly instrumental remix with all or part of the vocals removed."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"instrumental",
"instrumental"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, countable) A mostly instrumental remix with all or part of the vocals removed."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
51,
54
]
],
"ref": "2020 April 23, Alexis Petridis, “The Rolling Stones: Living in a Ghost Town review – their best new song in years”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "It’s also burnished by intriguing sense of vaguely dub-influenced space. At one point, it breaks down to little more than a stabbing, echoing organ with a vintage reggae flavour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A style of reggae music involving mixing of different audio tracks."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"reggae",
"reggae"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, uncountable) A style of reggae music involving mixing of different audio tracks."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
45
]
],
"ref": "2019 January 18, Jamie Dickson, “Khruangbin: “We’re not intending to create war with our music… It’s the absence of that aggression that a lot of rock bands have””, in Music Radar:",
"text": "But I think my bass playing is definitely dub-influenced.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
58,
61
]
],
"ref": "2020 July 20, Arun Chakal, “The Worked-Up Sound of Drum & Bass in Russia and Eastern Europe”, in Bandcamp Daily:",
"text": "Dyl’s polyrhythmic grooves on The Subsurface Project fuse dub techno and drum & bass, mixing modular sounds with hints of warm, jittery jungle.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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}
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],
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"masculine"
],
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{
"code": "he",
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"word": "דָּאַב"
},
{
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{
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"word": "ダブ"
},
{
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"sense": "music genre",
"word": "덥"
},
{
"code": "oc",
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"masculine"
],
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},
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{
"code": "es",
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],
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"text": "“Has he nae friends?” said she, in a tearful voice.\n“That has he so!” cried Alan, “if we could but win to them!—friends and rich friends, beds to lie in, food to eat, doctors to see to him—and here he must tramp in the dubs and sleep in the heather like a beggarman.”",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duboju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dubami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "dub m inan",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"dub"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dub"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian inanimate nouns",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian masculine nouns",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/up",
"Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/up/1 syllable",
"dsb:Oaks"
],
"glosses": [
"oak"
],
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "dub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "oak tree, oak",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*dǫbъ",
"t": "oak tree, oak"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak tree, oak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-ocs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubové",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubiech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "duby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "dub m inan",
"name": "zlw-ocs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "zlw-ocs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Czech hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Czech inanimate nouns",
"Old Czech lemmas",
"Old Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Old Czech masculine nouns",
"Old Czech nouns",
"Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"oak, oak tree"
],
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"oak tree",
"oak tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdub/",
"note": "13ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdup/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish u-stem adjectives",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "dubh"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "doo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "dubh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dub",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "duib",
"2": "duba"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "duib",
"acc_m_pl": "dubai",
"acc_m_sg": "dub",
"dat_f_sg": "duib",
"dat_m_sg": "dub",
"dat_n_sg": "dub",
"dat_pl": "dubaib",
"gen_f_sg": "dubae",
"gen_m_sg": "duib",
"gen_n_sg": "duib",
"gen_pl": "*",
"info": "u-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "dub",
"nom_fn_pl": "dubai",
"nom_m_pl": "dubai",
"nom_m_sg": "dub",
"nom_n_sg": "dub",
"notes": "*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish",
"voc_m_pl": "dubai",
"voc_m_sg": "dub"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"morally dark, dire, gloomy, melancholy"
],
"links": [
[
"morally",
"morally"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"dire",
"dire"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd̪uβ/"
}
],
"word": "dub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish u-stem adjectives",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Colors"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubus",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black, deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black, deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubo",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"source": "mutation",
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},
{
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"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
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}
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"11": "",
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"8": "",
"9": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"sort": ""
},
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},
{
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],
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{
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"acc_du3": "",
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{
"categories": [
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{
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13,
16
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],
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8,
11
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],
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{
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21,
24
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],
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19,
22
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],
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"type": "example"
}
],
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[
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[
"pigment",
"pigment"
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[
"ink",
"ink"
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],
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},
{
"glosses": [
"gall"
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"links": [
[
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"gall"
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],
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]
}
],
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],
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],
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{
"ipa": "[ðup]"
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}
],
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
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"singular"
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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"vocative"
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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{
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"links": [
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],
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"word": "hrast"
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]
}
],
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{
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{
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{
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],
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"relational"
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"source": "declension"
},
{
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{
"form": "dubov",
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{
"form": "dative",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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],
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{
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],
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}
],
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}
{
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],
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],
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{
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],
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],
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[
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"language code"
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],
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}
],
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{
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"Upper Sorbian masculine inanimate nouns",
"Upper Sorbian masculine nouns",
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"Upper Sorbian nouns",
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"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
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],
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"form": "dubičk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubik",
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"diminutive"
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"form": "dubisko",
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"singular"
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"form": "dubow",
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"plural"
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"form": "dubam",
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"oak"
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"masculine"
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}
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{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
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"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Upper Sorbian verb forms",
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"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
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],
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"dub"
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},
{
"parts": [
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}
],
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{
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{
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}
],
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],
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"due to"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *qrɛŋᴬ (“black”), related to Proto-Mienic *qri̯ɛkᴰ (“black”), though the details are unclear due to irregular rime and tone correspondences.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"glosses": [
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"ipa": "/du˥/"
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"Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
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{
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{
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},
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"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tai *dupᴬ (“to pound”); cognate with Thai ทุบ (túp), Lao ທຸບ (thup), Shan ထုပ်ႉ (thṵ̂p). Also compare Cantonese 𢱕 (dap6, “to pound; to strike”).",
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},
{
"form": "𰔥",
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{
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"15": "or",
"16": "",
"17": "or",
"18": "",
"19": "or",
"2": "verb",
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"21": "or",
"22": "",
"23": "or",
"24": "",
"25": "or",
"26": "",
"27": "or",
"28": "",
"29": "or",
"3": "",
"30": "",
"31": "or",
"32": "",
"33": "or",
"34": "",
"35": "or",
"36": "",
"37": "or",
"38": "",
"39": "or",
"4": "",
"40": "",
"41": "or",
"42": "",
"43": "or",
"44": "",
"45": "or",
"46": "",
"47": "or",
"48": "",
"49": "or",
"5": "or",
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"51": "or",
"52": "",
"53": "or",
"54": "",
"55": "or",
"56": "",
"57": "or",
"58": "",
"59": "or",
"6": "",
"60": "",
"61": "or",
"62": "",
"63": "or",
"64": "",
"65": "1957–1982 spelling",
"66": "dub",
"7": "Sawndip forms",
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"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
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},
"expansion": "dub (Sawndip forms 𭡡 or 𰔥 or 𭡫, 1957–1982 spelling dub)",
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},
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],
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"parts": [
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"to hit; to strike"
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[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
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],
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{
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]
},
{
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],
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[
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[
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"hammer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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[
"castrate",
"castrate"
],
[
"male",
"male"
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[
"water buffalo",
"water buffalo"
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]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
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}
{
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"Pages with entries",
"Zhuang 1-syllable words",
"Zhuang entries with incorrect language header",
"Zhuang lemmas",
"Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Zhuang terms without Sawndip form",
"Zhuang verbs"
],
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{
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"21": "or",
"22": "",
"23": "or",
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"25": "or",
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"37": "or",
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"47": "or",
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"51": "or",
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"59": "or",
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"9": "or",
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],
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{
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"to harrow (a paddy)"
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[
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"harrow"
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[
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"paddy"
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}
],
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],
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}
Download raw JSONL data for dub meaning in All languages combined (102.9kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'feminine/neuter'",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dub/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: singular",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: plural",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
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}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for singular",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for plural",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for nominative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dub",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for duby",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for genitive",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for duba",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dubov",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dubu",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dubom",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for accusative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dub",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for duby",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for locative",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dube",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for duboch",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for instrumental",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dubom",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dubmi",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: 1957–1982 spelling dub",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Zhuang",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: 1957–1982 spelling dub",
"path": [
"dub"
],
"section": "Zhuang",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "dub/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"bo\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"lang_code\": \"bo\", \"note\": \"“to do a translation insertion”\", \"sense\": \"to add sound to film or change audio on film\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "dub/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"bo\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"lang_code\": \"bo\", \"note\": \"“to do a translation insertion”\", \"sense\": \"to replace soundtrack of a film with translation\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dub",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.